Middle East

İstanbul's strategic location has attracted many marauding armies over the centuries. The Greeks, Romans and Venetians took turns ruling before the Ottomans stormed into town and decided to stay – physical reminders of their various tenures are found across the city.

Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental nation bridging northeast Africa and the Middle East. Celebrated for its ancient history that stretches back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE, Egypt stands as one of the oldest civilizations in the world. The Nile River valley and delta, Egypt’s nucleus, were the birthplace of a key civilization in the ancient Middle East. Presently, Egypt ranks as the 14th most populous country worldwide, with its capital, Cairo, being the largest city, and Alexandria as an important industrial and tourist center. The country’s extensive and illustrious history, along with its strategic location, secures its role as a significant entity in global affairs.

Cairo, the vibrant capital of Egypt, is a city steeped in history and culture. Known as ‘the Mother of the World’, Cairo is home to iconic landmarks such as the Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx, as well as the Egyptian Museum, which houses a treasure trove of ancient artifacts. The city’s rich tapestry is also evident in its Mamluk-era architecture and bustling markets. Cairo’s significance as a historical and cultural hub is further highlighted by its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, preserving its many monuments and the historical center for future generations.

Luxor, known as the world’s greatest open-air museum, is a treasure trove of ancient Egyptian history and architecture. This city, once the ancient capital of Thebes, is home to the iconic Karnak Temple, one of the largest religious buildings ever constructed. Visitors can also explore the Luxor Temple, a testament to the city’s historical significance over millennia. With its vast array of temples, tombs, and monuments on both the east and west banks of the Nile, Luxor continues to fascinate historians and travelers alike. For those interested in delving deeper into Egypt’s past, the Luxor Museum offers a curated glimpse into the region’s rich cultural heritage.

Abu Simbel in Egypt is a remarkable archaeological site, featuring two massive rock-cut temples that stand as a testament to ancient Egyptian art and engineering. Constructed during the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II, these temples were originally carved out of a mountainside in the 13th century BC. The Great Temple is adorned with colossal statues of Ramesses II, while the Small Temple honors his queen, Nefertari. In a monumental feat of modern engineering, the entire complex was relocated in the 1960s to prevent it from being submerged by the creation of Lake Nasser due to the Aswan High Dam.

The Sinai Peninsula, a land of stark beauty and rich history, bridges two continents and is enveloped by the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south. This region, known for its rugged mountains and arid expanse, is not only geographically unique but also historically significant. It has been a crossroads of civilizations, cultures, and religions for millennia. Today, Sinai attracts visitors from around the world who seek to explore its natural wonders, including the vibrant coral reefs, and to experience its profound historical and spiritual sites. The peninsula’s blend of natural and historical attractions makes it a unique destination within Egypt.

The Red Sea, a narrow strip of water extending southeastward from Suez, Egypt, is renowned for its vibrant marine life and stunning coral reefs. Spanning approximately 1,200 miles to the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, it serves as a critical passage connecting the Indian Ocean with the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal. The sea’s geological history is tied to the Red Sea Rift, and it is bordered by several countries, including Egypt, which boasts a lengthy coastline offering spectacular views and rich biodiversity. With its unique ecological significance, the Red Sea is a natural treasure, playing a vital role in the marine and economic landscape of the region.

Sharm El-Sheikh, a city situated on the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt, is a renowned destination for its spectacular coastal views and vibrant marine life. Known for its clear waters and diverse underwater ecosystems, it’s a paradise for divers and snorkelers alike. The city offers a blend of modern amenities and natural beauty, with attractions like the Ras Mohammed National Park and the famous shipwrecks in the Red Sea. Sharm El-Sheikh truly embodies the spirit of Egyptian hospitality and provides a unique experience that combines relaxation with adventure.

Marsa Alam, a gem of southeastern Egypt, is renowned for its stunning beaches and vibrant marine life. Since the opening of Marsa Alam International Airport in 2003, it has rapidly become a sought-after destination for tourists, particularly scuba divers, drawn to its pristine dive sites and abundant sea creatures. The town also boasts historical attractions like the Emerald Mines and the Temple of Seti I at Khanais, offering a blend of natural beauty and cultural heritage. With its tropical hot desert climate, Marsa Alam provides a unique getaway for those seeking both adventure and relaxation by the Red Sea.